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Understanding the Pathophysiology and Clinical Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome: A Cluster of Interrelated Conditions
Metabolic Syndrome is not a disease itself but rather a clustering of at least three specific risk factors, including abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, high fasting glucose, elevated triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. This constellation significantly increases an individual's long-term risk for developing cardiovascular disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
The underlying pathophysiological drivers of **Metabolic Syndrome** are often linked to chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance, creating a systemic environment conducive to atherogenesis and impaired glucose regulation. Non-pharmacological interventions focusing on dietary modifications and increased physical activity are the foundational components of initial management strategies to mitigate these risks.
The central element connecting the components of **Metabolic Syndrome** is often considered to be insulin resistance, particularly as driven by visceral adiposity. Excess adipose tissue, especially abdominal fat, is metabolically active, releasing an abnormal array of adipokines and free fatty acids into the circulation. These substances interfere with…